While a flat file contains only a single table, a relational database stores data in multiple tables, consisting of columns of key values and stored values, enabling the possibility of relating one table to another. Relational databases were developed to get past the limitations inherent in a simple flat file. Furthermore, it can be difficult to make changes in the format of the data entered, and in the retrieval of any data requiring multiple queries. This can lead to wasted storage and levels of inefficiency. Some problems that can arise with their use include the possibility of duplication and the difficulty of keeping records unique. However, flat file databases have some major disadvantages and are generally not effective for large-scale record-keeping. Flat files are often used to keep track of a company’s day-to-day concerns, such as business contacts and lists of customers. Since they are independent, self-contained files, they require no outside storage configurations, and can be readily edited and accessed. They are also easy to set up, without needing specific expertise, and can be easily understood. For one thing, all the records can be stored in one place. There are certain advantages to such methods of data storage. An Excel spreadsheet, in which each row is a record and each column is a field, can be considered a flat file. (Image above is an example of a flat-file database model courtesy of )Ī flat file database is an efficient method when it comes to storing a limited number of records. Databases are made up of tables when there is only a single table in a database, it is referred to as a flat file.
As explained by marketing strategist, Alec Burke, “Think of flat files as being similar to the files in a file cabinet drawer-a collection of single records each containing standalone data.” ( ).
Due to their built-in restrictions, flat files are sequential in nature. In those days, flat files were stored on punch cards and tapes, paper as well as magnetic sheets. The flat file database structure was created during the earliest use of computer processing.
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